Self-surveillance for genetic predisposition to cancer: behaviors and emotions.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the kinds of self-monitoring activities and the emotional responses associated with those activities in patients with a genetic predisposition to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a (MEN2a) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). RESEARCH APPROACH Thematic analysis of the transcripts of patient interviews conducted for two previous grounded theory investigations of participation in lifelong surveillance for patients with cancer predisposition syndromes and their family members. SETTING In the original studies, participants were recruited through a high-risk gastrointestinal cancer clinic (for FAP) and pediatric and adult endocrinology clinics (for MEN2a) at two eastern U.S. medical centers and by patient referral. PARTICIPANTS 58 transcripts of interviews with 29 patients; 17 diagnosed with FAP or the variants of Gardner syndrome and attenuated FAP and 12 patients diagnosed with MEN2a. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Informants participated in two hour-long, in-depth interviews and completed a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Types of self-surveillance activities. FINDINGS Patients engage in an elaborate set of self-surveillance activities that are grouped into five categories of behavior: Medication Appraisal, Phenotype Tracking, Intake and Output Monitoring, Laboratory and Treatment Recording, and Tracking of Visits. Self-surveillance behaviors are grouped independent of type of syndrome, penetrance, age, or gender of the patient. Each category comprises a variety of behaviors that correspond with treatment recommendations and understanding of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS Self-surveillance may be driven by a combination of anticipation and the need for control and understanding. INTERPRETATION Findings from the study could be used to create an assessment tool to evaluate the extent to which patients are involved in day-to-day self-monitoring. Clinicians may use the categories to better understand patients' knowledge deficits and the emotional impact of enhanced vigilance. Self-surveillance activities performed by patients with MEN2a and FAP also may be performed by patients with other cancer predisposition syndromes.